- on-line published in IEEE ACCESS, March 2018
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2819189
- Authors: Jung Hee Cheon, Kyoohyung Han, Seong-Min Hong, H. Jin Kim, Junsoo Kim, Suseong Kim, Hoseong Seo, Hyungbo Shim, and Yongsoo Song
- Abstract: Controlling or accessing remotely has become a prevalent form of operating numerous types of platforms and infrastructure. An exploding number of vehicles such as drones or cars, in particular, are being controlled wirelessly or connected through networks. This has brought unanimous concern that today’s networked vehicle systems are vulnerable to attacks and the results could be fatal. Unfortunately, in contrast to active investigation on the security of the vehicles themselves, sensors, or communication channels, existing approaches for these realtime, safety-critical systems do not take controllers into enough consideration. In order to protect the controller that performs arithmetic operations using sensor measurements and generates command signals, we adopt homomorphic cryptography for the controller. It removes risks associated with the management of the secret key inside the controller, by eliminating the need to encrypt and decrypt the data for mathematical operation within the controller. Specifically, we propose an efficient Linearly Homomorphic Authenticated Encryption (LinHAE) scheme for the ground control center of a multi-rotor drone, in a manner that enables real-time operation for safe autonomous flight. To facilitate the linear scheme, we design the ground controller targetted to allow state update using additions and multiplications by a systemspecific constant. The proposed LinHAE guarantees the security against eavesdropping and forgery attacks, unlike homomorphic encryption alone that does not provide means to check whether the received signal at the drone side is authentic or compromised. We introduce a LinHAE with security and computational tractability, and describe how it can fit into the standard architecture for drone systems and how the specific controller is implemented. Building on these ingredients, we report the first successful operation of a multi-rotor flying robot that autonomously flies under the ground controller with real-time homomorphic authenticated encryption.
제어 시스템의 보안성을 높이기 위한 방법론 중 하나로 동형암호 기술을 제어기 암호화에 적용하는 아이디어를 CDSL에 처음 2016년에 발표한 바 있다. 본 논문은 동형인증이라고 하는 새로운 기술을 추가하고, 제어기 암호화가 실제 시스템에서도 적용가능함을 실증하기 위하여 drone의 위치 제어기를 암호화한 실험 결과를 보여주고 있다. 본 논문은 서울대학교 수리과학부 천정희 교수팀, 서울대학교 기계항공공학부 김현진 교수팀과 CDSL이 실질적인 협업을 통해 도출된 연구 결과이다.
완전 동형암호를 사용한 제어기 암호화에 관한 연구는 아래 논문에서 최초로 논의된 사항이다.
“Encrypting controller using fully homomorphic encryption for security of cyber-physical systems”
Junsoo Kim, Chanhwa Lee, Hyungbo Shim, Jung Hee Cheon, Andrey Kim, Miran Kim, and Yongsoo Song
6th IFAC Workshop on Distributed Estimation and Control in Networked Systems (NECSYS), Tokyo, September 2016
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.10.392
김현진 교수님 연구실에서 실험한 동영상은 다음과 같다.
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